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Battle of Abacaenum
The Battle of Abacaenum took place between the Carthaginian forces under Mago and the Greek army under Dionysius in 393 BC near the Sicilian town on Abacaenum in north eastern Sicily. Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, had been expanding his influence over Sicels territories in Sicily, and after his unsuccessful siege of Tauromenium, a Carthaginian alley in 394 BC, Mago decided to invade Messana. The Carhaginian army was defeated by the Greeks near the town of Abacaenum and had to retire to the Carthaginian territories in Western Sicily. Dionysius did not attack the Carthaginians but continued to expand his influence in eastern Sicily.
==Background==
Carthage had intervened in favor of Segesta in 409 BC against Selinus, which led to the sack of both Selinus and Himera in 409 BC. This led to Hermocrates raiding Punic territory, and the retaliation of Carthage was the destruction of Akragas, Gela and Camarina by 405 BC, when a peace treaty ended the war with Carthage in control of much of Sicily and Dionysius to power in Syracuse. After strengthening Syracuse between 404 -398 BC, Dionysius attacked the Phoenician city of Motya with an army of 80,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry, along with a fleet of 200 warships and 500 transports carrying his supplies and war machines in 398 BC, igniting the first of four wars he was to lead against Carthage.〔Church, Alfred J., Carthage, p47〕 After the sack of Motya, Dionysius retired to Syracuse, while Himilco of Carthage arrived in Sicily with 50,000 men along with 400 triremes and 600 transports to continue the war.〔Caven, Brian, Dionysius I, pp107〕 in 397 BC.
Himilco stormed Motya, where the mostly Sicel garrison under Biton was easily overcome,〔Diod. X.IV.55〕 then lifted the siege of Segesta, and Dionysius retired to Syracuse instead of offering battle in Western Sicily against a superior army.〔Kern, Paul B., Ancient Siege Warfare, pp183〕 Himilco returned to Panormus, garrisoned the Carthaginian territories, and then sailed to Lipara with 300 warships and 300 transports. After collecting 30 talents of silver as tribute from Lipara,〔Freeman, Edward A., Sicily, pp173〕 the Carthaginian force sailed for Messana and easily captured and sacked the city. After founding the city of Tauromenium and populating it with allied Sicels, the Carthaginians moved south towards Catana.〔Freeman, Edward A., Sicily, p173〕 Dionysius moved his army and fleet to Catana to attack the Carthaginians but, due to the rash tactics of his brother Leptines, the Greek fleet was heavily defeated at the Catana,〔Church, Alfred J., Carthage, p53-54〕 Himilco next besieged Syracuse itself in the Autumn of 397 BC. After the Carthaginian forces were devastated by the plague, Dionysius managed to decimate the Punic fleet and shut up the survivors in their camp. Himilco, after bribing Dionysius, fled to Africa with Carthaginian citizens, while Dionysius enslaved the abandoned Carthaginian soldiers.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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